Division 28: Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.

Excludes

• manufacture of electric generators (except turbine generator sets), see 27.1127.11
• manufacture of prime mover generator sets (except turbine generator sets), see 27.1127.11
• manufacture of parts of motor vehicles' combustion engines, see 29.1029.10
• manufacture of electrical equipment and components of internal combustion piston engines for motor vehicles, see 29.329.3
• manufacture of pistons, piston rings and carburettors for motor vehicles, see 29.3229.32
• manufacture of internal combustion piston engines for aircraft, see 30.330.3
• manufacture of aircraft engines, turbojets and turbopropellers, see 30.31, 30.3230.3130.32
• manufacture of motorcycle propulsion engines, see 30.9130.91
• manufacture of pistons, piston rings and carburettors for motorcycles, see 30.9130.91

Includes

• manufacture of internal combustion piston engines, except for motor vehicle, aircraft and motorcycle propulsion engines:
  • marine engines
  • railway engines
• manufacture of parts suitable for use solely or principally within internal combustion engines (e.g. pistons, piston rings, carburettors and such, except for motor vehicles)
• manufacture of inlet and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines
• manufacture of engines for industrial application
• factory overhaul of ship and boat engines

Includes

• manufacture of turbines and parts thereof:
  • steam turbines and other vapour turbines
  • hydraulic turbines, waterwheels and regulators thereof
  • wind turbines and mills
  • gas turbines, except turbojets or turbopropellers for aircraft propulsion
• manufacture of boiler turbine sets
• manufacture of turbine generator sets, consisting of a turbine and a generator mounted together
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Excludes

• manufacture of hydraulic or pneumatic tubes, pipes and hoses of rubber, see 22.1222.12
• manufacture of hydraulic or pneumatic tubes, pipes and hoses of plastic, see 22.2122.21
• manufacture of compressors, see 28.1328.13
• manufacture of pumps other than hydraulic fluid power pumps, see 28.1328.13
• manufacture of valves for non-fluid power applications, see 28.1428.14
• manufacture of mechanical power transmission equipment, see 28.1528.15

Includes

• manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic power engines and motors, cylinders and valves
• manufacture of hydraulic fluid power systems
• manufacture of hydraulic transmission equipment
• manufacture of hydrostatic transmission equipment
• manufacture of hydraulic fluid power pumps
• manufacture of valves for hydraulic or pneumatic transmission and air preparation equipment for use in pneumatic systems

Excludes

• manufacture of hydraulic fluid power pumps, see 28.1228.12

Includes

• manufacture of air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors
• manufacture of pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device
• manufacture of pumps for internal combustion engines (e.g. oil, water and fuel pumps for motor vehicles)

Also includes

• manufacture of hand pumps

Excludes

• manufacture of valves of unhardened vulcanised rubber, glass or ceramic materials, see 22.12, 23.15, 23.4422.1223.1523.44
• manufacture of inlet and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines, see 28.1128.11
• manufacture of valves for hydraulic or pneumatic transmission and air preparation equipment for use in pneumatic systems, see 28.1228.12

Includes

• manufacture of industrial taps and valves, including regulating valves and intake taps
• manufacture of taps and valves for sanitary fixtures
• manufacture of central heating radiator taps and valves
• manufacture of valves for non-fluid power applications

Excludes

• manufacture of other chain, see 25.9325.93
• manufacture of hydraulic transmission equipment, see 28.1228.12
• manufacture of hydrostatic transmission equipment, see 28.1228.12
• manufacture of clutches for motor vehicles, see 29.3129.31
• manufacture of gears, gearboxes and parts thereof for motor vehicles, see 29.3229.32
• manufacture of sub-assemblies of power transmission equipment which are suitable for use solely or principally with motor vehicles or aircraft, see divisions 29, 302930

Includes

• manufacture of ball and roller bearings, and parts thereof
• manufacture of mechanical power transmission equipment, e.g.:
  • transmission shafts, including camshafts, crankshafts and cranks
  • bearing housings and plain shaft bearings
• manufacture of gears, gearing and gearboxes and other speed changers
• manufacture of clutches and shaft couplings
• manufacture of flywheels and pulleys
• manufacture of articulated link chain
• manufacture of power transmission chain

Excludes

• manufacture of radiators for central heating, non-electrically heated, see 25.2125.21
• manufacture of electric ovens for domestic use, see 27.5127.51
• manufacture of table, floor, wall, window, ceiling or roof fans, see 27.5127.51
• manufacture of dryers for agricultural products, see 28.9328.93
• manufacture of baking ovens, see 28.9328.93
• manufacture of dryers for wood, paper pulp, paper or paperboard, see 28.9928.99
• manufacture of medical, surgical or laboratory sterilisers, see 32.5032.50
• manufacture of dental laboratory furnaces, see 32.5032.50
• repair and maintenance of industrial process furnaces, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of electrical and other industrial and laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators
• manufacture of furnace burners

Also includes

• manufacture of mechanical stokers, grates, ash dischargers, etc.

Includes

• manufacture of central heating boilers, solar water heaters and similar equipment
• manufacture of household cooling and ventilation equipment

Also includes

• manufacture of generally non-reversible heat pumps (only working in one direction), mainly used for space heating or for domestic hot water supply
• manufacture of pool heaters for domestic use

Excludes

• manufacture of machinery for vertical farming, see 28.3028.30
• manufacture of continuous-action elevators and conveyors for underground use, see 28.9228.92
• manufacture of mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders, see 28.9228.92
• manufacture of industrial robots for multiple uses, see 28.9928.99
• manufacture of crane-lorries, floating cranes and railway cranes, see 29.10, 30.11, 30.2029.1030.1130.20
• installation of lifts and elevators, see 43.2443.24
• repair and maintenance of lifting and handling equipment, see 33.1233.12

Implementation rule

• The manufacture of lifting and handling equipment is subdivided in manufacture of lifts, escalators and moving walkways, and manufacture of other lifting and handling equipment.

Includes

• manufacture of lifts, escalators and moving walkways
• manufacture of stairlifts

Includes

• manufacture of elevators for non-domestic use (excluding continuous-action elevators and conveyors for underground use)
• manufacture of hand-operated or power-driven lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery, e.g.:
  • pulley tackle and hoists, winches, capstans and jacks
  • derricks, cranes, mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers
  • works trucks, whether or not fitted with lifting or handling equipment, whether or not self-propelled, of the type used in factories (including handcarts and wheelbarrows)
  • mechanical manipulators and industrial robots specifically designed for lifting, handling, loading or unloading
  • unmanned and robotic forklifts and pallet loaders/unloaders
  • other works trucks, whether or not fitted with lifting or handling equipment, whether or not self-propelled, of the type used in factories
• manufacture of conveyors, teleferics, etc.
• manufacture of parts suitable for use solely or principally with lifting and handling equipment

Also includes

• manufacture of automatic lifting and handling equipment for warehouses

Excludes

• manufacture of pencil sharpeners, see 25.6125.61
• manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment, see 26.2026.20
• manufacture of automatic goods, including beverages, vending machines, see 28.2928.29
• repair and maintenance of cash registers, photocopy machines, calculators (electronic or not), typewriters, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of calculating machines
• manufacture of cash registers
• manufacture of calculators
• manufacture of postage meters, mail handling machines (envelope stuffing, sealing and addressing machinery; opening, sorting, scanning)
• manufacture of typewriters and stenography machines
• manufacture of office-type binding equipment (i.e. plastic or tape binding)
• manufacture of coin sorting, coin counting and coin wrapping machines
• manufacture of pencil sharpening machines
• manufacture of stapling machines
• manufacture of voting machines
• manufacture of tape dispensers
• manufacture of hole punches
• manufacture of photocopy machines
• manufacture of blackboards; whiteboards and marker boards with writing or drawing surfaces
• manufacture of dictating machines

Excludes

• manufacture of hand tools and interchangeable parts for pneumatic and power tools, see 25.6325.63
• manufacture of electrical handheld soldering and welding machines and apparatus, see 27.9027.90

Includes

• manufacture of hand tools, with self-contained electric or non-electric motor or pneumatic drive, e.g.:
  • circular or reciprocating saws
  • chainsaws
  • drills and hammer drills
  • handheld power sanders
  • pneumatic nailers
  • buffers
  • routers
  • grinders
  • staplers
  • pneumatic rivet guns
  • planers
  • shears and nibblers
  • impact wrenches
  • powder-actuated nailers

Excludes

• manufacture of domestic refrigerating or freezing equipment, see 27.5127.51
• manufacture of domestic fans, see 27.5127.51
• manufacture of household cooling equipment, see 28.2128.21
• manufacture of air-conditioning machines for motor vehicles, see 29.3229.32

Includes

• manufacture of non-domestic refrigerating or freezing equipment
• manufacture of air-conditioning machines, except for motor vehicles
• manufacture of non-domestic fans
• manufacture of heat exchange units
• manufacture of machinery for liquefying air or other gas
• manufacture of attic ventilation fans (e.g. gable fans, roof ventilators)
• manufacture of evaporators and condensers for non-domestic refrigerators

Also includes

• manufacture of reversible heat pumps that have a motorised fan and devices for changing both the air temperature and humidity
• manufacture of pool heaters for non-domestic use

Excludes

• manufacture of gaskets of vulcanised rubber, see 22.1222.12
• manufacture of sensitive (laboratory-type) balances, see 26.5126.51
• manufacture of domestic refrigerating or freezing equipment, see 27.5127.51
• manufacture of domestic fans, see 27.5127.51
• manufacture of electrical welding and soldering equipment, see 27.9027.90
• manufacture of agricultural or horticultural spraying appliances, see 28.3028.30
• manufacture of metal or glass rolling machinery and cylinders thereof, see 28.91, 28.9928.9128.99
• manufacture of dryers for agricultural products, see 28.9328.93
• manufacture of machinery for filtering or purifying food and beverages, see 28.9328.93
• manufacture of cream separators, see 28.9328.93
• manufacture of commercial clothes/tumble dryers, see 28.9428.94
• manufacture of printing machinery for printing textile materials, see 28.9428.94
• manufacture of laundry and ironing machinery, see 28.9428.94
• manufacture of centrifuges, of a kind used in laboratories, see 32.5032.50
• repair and maintenance of commercial-type general-purpose machinery, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of weighing machinery (other than sensitive laboratory balances), including weight-operated counting or checking machines (e.g. household and shop scales, platform scales, scales for continuous weighing, weighbridges, weighing machines)
• manufacture of automatic goods vending machines

Includes

• manufacture of distilling or rectifying plant for petroleum refineries and chemical industries
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Includes

• manufacture of packing and wrapping machinery:
  • filling, closing, sealing, capsuling or labelling machines, etc.
• manufacture of machinery for cleaning or drying bottles and for aerating beverages
• manufacture of distilling or rectifying plant for beverage industries
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Includes

• manufacture of cleaning machines for non-domestic use

Includes

• manufacture of high pressure cleaners

Includes

• manufacture of dishwashers for non-domestic use

Includes

• manufacture of filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids (e.g. for oil, fuel)

Also includes

• manufacture of filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for gases

Excludes

• manufacture of machinery for filtering or purifying food and beverages, see 28.93.0028.93.00

Includes

• manufacture of levels, tape measures and similar hand tools, machinist's precision tools (except optical ones)

Includes

• manufacture of equipment for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders:
  • spray guns, fire extinguishers, sandblasting machines, steam cleaning machines, etc.
• manufacture of gas generators
• manufacture of calendering or other rolling machines and cylinders thereof (except for metal and glass)
• manufacture of centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers (except cream separators, clothes/tumble dryers and centrifuges, of a kind used in laboratories)
• manufacture of gaskets and similar joints of metal sheeting combined with other materials or of two or more layers of metal
• manufacture of carbon or graphite gaskets
• manufacture of non-electrical welding and soldering machinery and apparatus
• manufacture of cooling towers and similar for direct cooling by means of recirculated water
• refilling or recharging of fire extinguishers

Excludes

• manufacture of non-power-driven hand tools, of a kind used in agriculture, horticulture or forestry, see 25.6325.63
• manufacture of conveyors for farm use, see 28.2228.22
• manufacture of power-driven hand tools, see 28.2428.24
• manufacture of hand tools, with self-contained electric or non-electric motor or pneumatic drive, e.g. circular or reciprocating saws, chain saws, see 28.2428.24
• manufacture of earth-moving machinery, see 28.9228.92
• manufacture of cream separators, see 28.9328.93
• manufacture of machinery to clean, sort or grade seed, grain or dried leguminous vegetables, see 28.9328.93
• manufacture of road tractors for semi-trailers, see 29.1029.10
• manufacture of trailers or semi-trailers for other than agricultural purposes, see 29.2029.20

Includes

• manufacture of agricultural and forestry tractors
• manufacture of track-laying tractors
• manufacture of single-axle (pedestrian-controlled) tractors

Excludes

• manufacture of ride-on lawnmowers and other similar machinery, see 28.30.9128.30.91

Includes

• manufacture of power-driven pedestrian controlled machinery, e.g.:
  • lawnmowers
  • brushcutters
  • hedge trimmers
  • leaf-blowers and vacuums
• engine or battery powered ride-on lawnmowers, e.g. garden tractors, zero-turn lawnmowers etc., including ride-on lawnmowers

Includes

• manufacture of mowers
• manufacture of mowing machines
• manufacture of flail mowers
• manufacture of pedestrian controlled motor hoes
• manufacture of self-loading or self-unloading trailers or semi-trailers for agricultural purposes
• manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers specially designed for use in agriculture
• manufacture of agricultural machinery for soil preparation or cultivation, e.g.:
  • ploughs, harrows, manure spreaders, seeders, fertiliser distributors etc.
• manufacture of harvesting or threshing machinery, e.g.:
  • harvesters, threshers, sorters, etc.
• manufacture of milking machines
• manufacture of agricultural or horticultural spraying appliances
• manufacture of diverse agricultural machinery, e.g.:
  • poultry-keeping machinery, bee-keeping equipment
  • equipment for preparing fodder, etc.
  • machines for cleaning, sorting or grading eggs, fruits etc.
• manufacture of machinery for vertical farming
• manufacture of irrigation systems
• manufacture of machinery for processing forestry and agricultural waste into solid biofuels, e.g. chippers and shredders

Excludes

• manufacture of interchangeable tools, see 25.6325.63
• manufacture of electrical welding and soldering machinery and apparatus, see 27.9027.90
• manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing, see 28.9728.97
• repair and maintenance of metal cutting and metal forming machine tools and accessories, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of machine tools for working metals, including those using a laser beam, ultrasonic waves, plasma arc, magnetic pulse, etc.
• manufacture of machine tools for turning, drilling, boring, threading or tapping for working metal
• manufacture of machine tools for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping, polishing or otherwise finishing metal or cermet by means of grinding stones, abrasives or polishing products
• manufacture of machining centres and multi-station machines for working metal
• manufacture of machine tools for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting, gear grinding or gear finishing, sawing and cutting-off, and of other machine tools working by removing metal or cermets
• manufacture of metal stamping or pressing machine tools
• manufacture of punch presses, hydraulic presses, hydraulic brakes, drop hammers, forging machines, etc.
• manufacture of draw benches, thread rolling machines for working wires
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery
• manufacture of filing machines, riveters, sheet metal cutters

Excludes

• manufacture of interchangeable tools for machine tools (e.g. drills, punches, dies, taps, milling cutters, turning tools, saw blades, cutting knives), see 25.6325.63
• manufacture of electric handheld soldering irons and soldering guns, see 27.9027.90
• manufacture of power-driven hand tools, see 28.2428.24
• manufacture of filing machines, riveters, sheet metal cutters, see 28.4128.41
• manufacture of machinery used in metal mills or foundries, see 28.9128.91
• manufacture of machinery for mining and quarrying, see 28.9228.92
• manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing, see 28.9728.97
• repair and maintenance of other machine tools, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of machine tools for working wood, cork, bone, stone, hard rubber, hard plastics, ceramics, concrete, cold glass or similar hard non-metal materials
• manufacture of work holders for machine tools
• manufacture of dividing heads and other special attachments for machine tools
• manufacture of stationary machines for nailing, stapling, glueing or otherwise assembling wood, cork, bone, hard rubber or hard plastics, etc.
• manufacture of stationary rotary or rotary percussion drills, etc.
• manufacture of presses for the manufacture of particle board etc.

Also includes

• manufacture of parts and accessories for the machine tools listed

Excludes

• manufacture of moulding boxes and moulds (except ingot moulds), see 25.6325.63
• manufacture of draw benches, see 28.4128.41
• manufacture of machines for forming foundry moulds, see 28.9928.99
• repair and maintenance of metallurgy machinery, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of machines and equipment for handling hot metals (e.g. converters, ingot moulds, ladles and casting machines, of a kind used in metallurgy or in metal foundries)
• manufacture of metal-rolling mills and rolls for such mills
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Excludes

• manufacture of lifting and handling equipment, see 28.2228.22
• manufacture of tractors, see 28.30, 29.1028.3029.10
• manufacture of machine tools for working stone, including machines for splitting or clearing stone, see 28.4228.42
• manufacture of concrete mixer lorries, see 29.2029.20
• repair and maintenance of mining, quarrying and construction, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of continuous-action elevators and conveyors for goods and materials for underground use
• manufacture of boring, cutting or sinking machinery for boring earth or extracting minerals or ores, or of coal or rock cutters and tunnelling machinery
• manufacture of machinery for treating minerals by screening, sorting, separating, washing, crushing, grinding, mixing or kneading earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances, in solid (including powder or paste) form
• manufacture of concrete and mortar mixers
• manufacture of earth-moving machinery:
  • bulldozers, angledozers, graders, scrapers, levellers, mechanical shovels, shovel loaders, etc.
• manufacture of piledrivers and pile extractors, mortar spreaders, bitumen spreaders, concrete surfacing machinery, etc.
• manufacture of machines for mixing mineral substances with bitumen
• manufacture of track-laying excavators
• manufacture of bulldozer and angledozer blades
• manufacture of off-road dumper trucks
• manufacture of snowploughs and snowblowers
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Excludes

• manufacture of reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers of metal of a capacity exceeding 300 litres, whether or not lined or heat-insulated, see 25.2225.22
• manufacture of food and milk irradiation equipment, see 26.6026.60
• manufacture of packing, wrapping and weighing machinery, see 28.2928.29
• manufacture of machinery for cleaning or drying bottles and for aerating beverages, see 28.2928.29
• manufacture of cleaning, sorting or grading machinery for eggs, fruits or other crops (except seeds, grains and dried leguminous vegetables), see 28.3028.30
• repair and maintenance of food, beverage, and tobacco processing machinery, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of dryers for agricultural products
• manufacture of machinery for the dairy industry, e.g.:
  • cream separators
  • milk processing machinery (e.g. homogenisers)
  • milk converting machinery (e.g. butter churns, butter workers and moulding machines)
  • cheese-making machines (e.g. homogenisers, moulders, presses)
• manufacture of machinery for the grain milling industry, e.g.:
  • machinery to clean, sort or grade seeds, grain or dried leguminous vegetables (e.g. winnowers, sieving belts, separators, grain brushing machines)
  • machinery to produce flour and meal, etc. (e.g. grinding mills, feeders, sifters, bran cleaners, blenders, rice hullers, pea splitters)
• manufacture of presses, crushers, etc. (e.g. to make wine, cider, fruit juices)
• manufacture of machinery for the bakery industry or for making macaroni, spaghetti or similar products, e.g.:
  • baking ovens, dough mixers, dough-dividers, moulders, slicers, cake depositing machines
• manufacture of machines and equipment to process diverse foods, e.g.:
  • machinery to make confectionery, cocoa or chocolate; to manufacture sugar; for breweries; to process meat or poultry; to prepare fruits, nuts or vegetables; to prepare fish, shellfish or other seafood
  • other machinery for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink
• manufacture of machinery for filtering or purifying food and beverages
• manufacture of machinery for the extraction or preparation of animal or vegetable fats or oils
• manufacture of machinery for the preparation of tobacco and for the making of cigarettes or cigars, or for pipe or chewing tobacco or snuff
• manufacture of machinery, plant and equipment for cooking or heating food in hotels and restaurants
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Excludes

• manufacture of paper or paperboard cards for use on jacquard machines, see 17.2517.25
• manufacture of domestic washing and drying machines, see 27.5127.51
• manufacture of calendering machines, see 28.2928.29
• manufacture of machines used in bookbinding, see 28.9928.99
• manufacture of printing and bookbinding machines and machines for activities supporting printing on a variety of materials, see 28.9928.99
• repair and maintenance of textile, apparel, and leather production machinery, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of textile machinery, e.g.:
  • machines for preparing, producing, extruding, drawing, texturing or cutting man-made textile fibres, materials or yarns
  • machines for preparing textile fibres (e.g. cotton gins, bale breakers, garnetters, cotton spreaders, wool scourers, wool carbonisers, combs, carders, roving frames)
  • spinning machines
  • machines for preparing textile yarns (e.g. reelers, warpers and related machines)
  • weaving machines (looms), including handlooms
  • knitting machines
  • machines for making knotted net, tulle, lace, braid, etc.
• manufacture of auxiliary machines or equipment for textile machinery:
  • dobbies, jacquards, automatic stop motions, shuttle changing mechanisms, spindles and spindle flyers, etc.
• manufacture of textile printing machinery
• manufacture of machinery for fabric processing:
  • machinery for washing, bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishing, coating or impregnating textile fabrics
  • machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics
• manufacture of sewing machines, sewing machine heads and sewing machine needles (whether or not for household use)
• manufacture of machines for producing or finishing felt or non-wovens
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Includes

• manufacture of leather machines:
  • machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather
  • machinery for making or repairing footwear or other articles of hides, skins, leather or fur skins
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Includes

• manufacture of laundry machinery:
  • ironing machines, including fusing presses
  • commercial washing and drying machines
  • dry-cleaning machines
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Includes

• manufacture of machinery for making paper pulp
• manufacture of paper and paperboard making or finishing machinery
• manufacture of machinery for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard articles, including cutting machines for paper of all kinds
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Excludes

• manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing, see 28.9728.97

Includes

• manufacture of machinery for working soft rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products of these materials:
  • extruders, moulders, pneumatic tyre making or retreading machines and other machines for making a specific rubber or plastic product
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Implementation rule

• The manufacture of additive manufacturing machinery is subdivided in manufacture of additive manufacturing machinery by metal deposit, manufacture of additive manufacturing machinery by plastics or rubber deposit, and manufacture of additive manufacturing machinery n.e.c.

Includes

• manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing by metal

Includes

• manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing by plastics
• manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing by rubber

Includes

• manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing by plaster, cement, ceramic deposits, etc.

Excludes

• manufacture of moulding boxes and moulds (except ingot moulds), see 25.6325.63
• manufacture of household appliances, see 27.527.5
• manufacture of domestic washing and drying machines, see 27.5127.51
• manufacture of mechanical manipulators and industrial robots specifically designed for lifting, handling, loading or unloading, see 28.2228.22
• manufacture of photocopy machines, etc., see 28.2328.23
• manufacture of machinery or equipment to work hard rubber, hard plastics or cold glass, see 28.4228.42
• manufacture of ingot moulds, see 28.9128.91
• manufacture of dryers for agricultural products, see 28.9328.93
• manufacture of laundry machinery, e.g. dry-cleaning machines, see 28.9428.94
• manufacture of machines for additive manufacturing, see 28.9728.97
• manufacture of gymnasium, fitness centre or athletic equipment, see 32.3032.30
• repair and maintenance of other special-purpose machinery of division 28, see 33.1233.12

Includes

• manufacture of printing and bookbinding machines, and machines for activities supporting printing on a variety of materials
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Includes

• manufacture of industrial robots performing multiple tasks for special purposes
• manufacture of machinery and systems for automatic or semi-automatic assembly
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery

Includes

• manufacture of aircraft launching gear, aircraft carrier catapults and related equipment

Includes

• manufacture of:
  • roundabouts
  • swings
  • shooting galleries
  • other fairground amusements

Includes

• manufacture of tyre alignment and balancing equipment; balancing equipment (except wheel balancing)

Includes

• manufacture of dryers for wood, paper pulp, paper or paperboard and other materials (except for agricultural products and textiles)
• manufacture of machinery for producing tiles, bricks, shaped ceramic pastes, pipes, graphite electrodes, blackboard chalk, etc.
• manufacture of semiconductor manufacturing machinery
• manufacture of machines for forming foundry moulds
• manufacture of diverse special-purpose machinery and equipment, e.g.:
  • machines to assemble electric or electronic lamps, tubes (valves) or bulbs
  • machines for the production or hot working of glass or glassware, glass fibres or yarn
  • rope or cable-making machines
  • machinery or apparatus for isotopic separation
• manufacture of central greasing systems
• manufacture of automatic bowling alley equipment (e.g. pin-setter)
• manufacture of waste compressing machines
• manufacture of plastering machines
• manufacture of turnstiles
• manufacture of furling systems, used for winding or releasing the running rigging
• manufacture of special-purpose machineries for testing and inspection
• manufacture of parts and accessories of the aforementioned machinery